Heel spurs are a common foot condition that can cause significant discomfort and interfere with daily activities. Many Australians experience heel pain due to spurs, often without realising the underlying cause. Understanding what they are, what causes them, and how to treat them effectively can help prevent long-term discomfort and complications.

What Are Heel Spurs?

These are bony growths that develop on the underside of the heel bone (calcaneus). These outgrowths are typically caused by calcium deposits that accumulate over time due to repetitive stress or strain on the foot. They often occur alongside plantar fasciitis, a condition that involves inflammation of the plantar fascia—a thick band of tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot.

While heel spurs themselves may not always be painful, they can contribute to heel pain, especially when associated with plantar fasciitis or other foot conditions.

Causes of Heel Spurs

They can develop gradually due to repeated stress on the heel bone and surrounding soft tissues. Common causes include:

1. Plantar Fasciitis

The most common cause of heel spurs is plantar fasciitis. When the plantar fascia becomes inflamed due to excessive strain, it can lead to the formation of spurs over time.

2. Excessive Foot Stress and Overuse

Activities that place excessive stress on the feet, such as running, jumping, or prolonged standing, can lead to the development of heel spurs. Athletes, particularly runners and dancers, are at higher risk.

3. Poor Footwear Choices

Wearing unsupportive or ill-fitting shoes, especially those lacking proper arch support or cushioning, can increase the strain on the heel and contribute to spur formation.

4. Obesity and Excess Weight

Carrying excess body weight puts additional pressure on the heels, increasing the likelihood of heel spurs and other foot problems.

5. Abnormal Gait or Foot Mechanics

Individuals with flat feet, high arches, or an abnormal walking pattern may place uneven stress on the heel bone, increasing the risk of heel spurs.

6. Age-Related Changes

As people age, the natural padding under the heel thins, making the foot more susceptible to conditions like heel spurs.

Symptoms of Heel Spurs

Heel spurs often go unnoticed unless they cause pain or are associated with another condition, such as plantar fasciitis. Common symptoms include:

• Sharp or stabbing heel pain, especially when taking the first steps in the morning or after long periods of rest.
• Tenderness or aching in the heel, which may worsen after prolonged standing or walking.
• Inflammation and swelling at the bottom of the heel.
• A bony protrusion that may be visible on an X-ray but not necessarily palpable.

Diagnosing Heel Spurs

A podiatrist can diagnose heel spurs through a physical examination and medical history assessment. In some cases, imaging tests such as X-rays may be used to confirm the presence of a heel spur and rule out other possible causes of heel pain.

Treatment Options for Heel Spurs

While heel spurs themselves do not always require treatment, addressing the underlying causes and managing symptoms is essential for long-term relief. Here are some effective treatment strategies:

1. Rest and Activity Modification

Reducing activities that put excessive strain on the heel can help alleviate pain and prevent further irritation.

2. Supportive Footwear and Orthotics

Wearing shoes with good arch support, cushioning, and shock absorption can reduce stress on the heel. Custom orthotics or heel pads can provide additional support and relief.

3. Stretching and Strengthening Exercises

Regular stretching of the calf muscles, Achilles tendon, and plantar fascia can improve flexibility and reduce tension on the heel.

4. Ice Therapy and Anti-Inflammatory Medication

Applying ice packs to the affected area can help reduce inflammation and relieve pain. Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications (such as ibuprofen) may also be beneficial.

5. Physical Therapy

A podiatrist or physiotherapist may recommend specific exercises, manual therapy, or ultrasound treatments to manage symptoms and improve foot function.

6. Shockwave Therapy

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is a non-invasive treatment that can help stimulate healing in the affected area by promoting blood flow and reducing inflammation.

7. Laser Therapy

Laser therapy is a non-invasive treatment option that uses focused light energy to reduce pain and inflammation associated with heel spurs. This therapy stimulates cellular repair, increases blood circulation, and accelerates healing. It is particularly beneficial for patients who prefer a non-surgical approach to managing their heel pain and can be used alongside other conservative treatments for enhanced results.

8. Corticosteroid Injections

In cases of severe pain, a podiatrist may administer corticosteroid injections to provide temporary relief from inflammation.

9. Surgical Intervention (Rare Cases)

Surgery is rarely required but may be considered if conservative treatments fail. Procedures may involve removing the heel spur or releasing the plantar fascia to reduce strain.

Preventing Heel Spurs

To minimise your risk consider the following preventive measures:

• Wear supportive footwear that provides proper cushioning and arch support.
• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce pressure on your feet.
• Stretch regularly to improve foot flexibility and strength.
• Avoid excessive high-impact activities that strain your heels.
• Use orthotic inserts if you have foot abnormalities that affect gait and posture.

When to See a Podiatrist

If you experience persistent heel pain that does not improve with home remedies, it’s important to consult a podiatrist. Early intervention can help prevent complications and ensure effective treatment tailored to your specific needs.

Conclusion

Heel spurs are a common foot condition that can cause discomfort, particularly when linked to plantar fasciitis or excessive strain on the heel. Fortunately, with the right combination of lifestyle changes, footwear adjustments, and targeted treatments, most people can manage symptoms effectively and prevent future issues.

At ModPod Podiatry, our experienced podiatrists provide expert diagnosis and personalised treatment plans for heel spurs and other foot conditions. If you’re experiencing persistent heel pain, book an appointment today and take the first step toward pain-free feet!